--- title: "Nearshore web development in Latin America: 7 countries" description: "Colombia, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Chile and Uruguay compared on US time overlap, English, developer pools, holidays, payments and IP." url: "https://dardo.studio/en/blog/nearshore-web-development-latin-america/" language: "en" updated: "2026-10-18T00:03:43.251Z" --- [Blog](https://dardo.studio/en/blog/) # Nearshore web development in Latin America: 7 countries compared for US companies Time zones, English scores, developer counts, holidays, payments and IP rules for Colombia, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Chile and Uruguay. By [Nicolás Cerón](https://dardo.studio/en/nicolas-ceron/) ·October 17, 2026 ![Two lamplit riverside towns at blue hour joined by an old stone footbridge, with a single red lantern hanging at the middle of the bridge.](https://dardo.studio/_astro/01M56542ZPWCP47QASRZRJVP9V_OfyW6.webp) ## Key takeaways - All seven countries share at least six hours of a 9-to-5 day with New York and three with Los Angeles; Mexico and Costa Rica share the most with the West Coast, six to seven hours. - Of the seven, only Chile still changes its clocks nationwide: Mexico stopped in October 2022 except along its northern border, and Brazil stopped in 2019. - In EF's 2025 English index Argentina ranks 26th of 123 and Mexico 103rd, but Mexican test takers who work in IT score 559, inside EF's "high" band. - Brazil had 8.3 million GitHub developer accounts in the first quarter of 2026, more than the other six countries combined; Uruguay had the most per person, 47 per 1,000. - A commissioned website rarely qualifies as a US work made for hire, so a contract with a team in any of these countries needs a written copyright assignment that also holds under local law. ## The short answer All seven countries share at least six hours of a 9-to-5 day with New York and at least three with Los Angeles, all year. Colombia, Mexico and Costa Rica sit closest to US Central time; Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay run one or two hours ahead of New York. On English, the [EF English Proficiency Index 2025](https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/) ranks Argentina "high", Uruguay, Chile and Costa Rica "moderate", Brazil and Colombia "low" and Mexico "very low", though test takers who work in IT score above their national figure; in Mexico they reach "high". Brazil and Mexico have the largest developer communities; Uruguay, Costa Rica and Chile have the most developers per person. The country narrows the field; it doesn't choose the team. Use the tables below to shortlist on time zone and contracting, then test the actual people. For the vetting and contract steps in one country, read our guide to [hiring a web team in Colombia](https://dardo.studio/en/blog/hire-design-team-colombia/); for how we work with US teams ourselves, see our [nearshore page](https://dardo.studio/en/nearshore/). ## The seven countries at a glance Figures read on 17 October 2026. Developer counts are GitHub accounts located in each country in the first quarter of 2026, from the [GitHub Innovation Graph](https://github.com/github/innovationgraph); "per 1,000 people" divides them by the [World Bank's 2025 population estimates](https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL). | Country | Clock (main business city) | Hours vs New York: Nov–Mar / Mar–Nov | EF EPI 2025 score, rank, band | GitHub developers, Q1 2026 | Per 1,000 people | | ------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ | ----------------------------- | -------------------------- | ---------------- | | Colombia | UTC−5 all year | same / 1 behind | 480, #76, low | 1,670,892 | 31 | | Mexico | UTC−6 all year (Mexico City) | 1 behind / 2 behind | 440, #103, very low | 2,865,151 | 22 | | Costa Rica | UTC−6 all year | 1 behind / 2 behind | 516, #55, moderate | 231,325 | 45 | | Argentina | UTC−3 all year | 2 ahead / 1 ahead | 575, #26, high | 1,599,355 | 35 | | Brazil | UTC−3 all year (São Paulo) | 2 ahead / 1 ahead | 482, #75, low | 8,317,960 | 39 | | Chile | UTC−4, UTC−3 from September to April (Santiago) | 2 ahead / same or 1 ahead | 517, #54, moderate | 809,093 | 41 | | Uruguay | UTC−3 all year | 2 ahead / 1 ahead | 542, #34, moderate | 160,501 | 47 | | United States | Reference | — | Not ranked | 32,410,529 | 95 | EF ranks 123 countries and regions; the global average score is 488. The rest of this guide explains what each column can and can't tell you. ## Time zones: who changes clocks, and how much of your day you share The US moves its clocks forward on the second Sunday of March and back on the first Sunday of November; in 2026 that was 8 March and 1 November, according to [NIST](https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/popular-links/daylight-saving-time-dst). Six of the seven don't change their clocks (in Mexico, only the northern border does), so their offset to the US shifts by an hour twice a year. Chile changes its own clocks too, in the opposite season. - **Colombia** keeps UTC−5 all year, the legal time set by its [national metrology institute](https://horalegal.inm.gov.co/). - **Mexico** stopped seasonal clock changes when its [Ley de los Husos Horarios](https://www.scjn.gob.mx/sites/default/files/sintesis%5Fdof%5Fgocdmx/documento/2022-11/DOF%2028102022%20S%C3%8DNTESIS%20VESPERTINA.pdf) took effect on 30 October 2022. Most of the country, including Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey, stays on UTC−6. Quintana Roo (Cancún) is on UTC−5, Sonora and Sinaloa on UTC−7, and municipalities on the northern border, such as Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, still change clocks with the US. - **Costa Rica** is on UTC−6 and last observed daylight saving time in 1992. - **Argentina** is on UTC−3 and last changed clocks in 2009. **Uruguay** is on UTC−3 and stopped in 2015. - **Brazil** ended daylight saving time by [Decreto 9.772 of 2019](https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil%5F03/%5Fato2019-2022/2019/decreto/D9772.htm), and we found no decree bringing it back for the 2026–27 summer. São Paulo, Rio and Brasília are on UTC−3, but the country has four time zones: Manaus is on UTC−4 and Acre on UTC−5. - **Chile** is the exception. Santiago runs on UTC−4 and moves to UTC−3 from midnight after the first Saturday of September to midnight after the first Saturday of April: from 6 September 2026 to 4 April 2027. Magallanes (since 2016) and Aysén (since 2025) stay on UTC−3 all year. The historical dates and regional zones come from the [IANA time zone database](https://github.com/eggert/tz/blob/main/southamerica) ([North America file](https://github.com/eggert/tz/blob/main/northamerica)), the source phones and calendar software use. This is how many hours of a 9-to-5 working day each city shares with three US cities. "Winter" is US standard time (1 November 2026 to 14 March 2027); "summer" is US daylight time. | City | New York: winter / summer | Chicago: winter / summer | Los Angeles: winter / summer | | ----------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | | Bogotá | 8 / 7 | 7 / 8 | 5 / 6 | | Mexico City | 7 / 6 | 8 / 7 | 6 / 7 | | San José | 7 / 6 | 8 / 7 | 6 / 7 | | Buenos Aires, São Paulo, Montevideo | 6 / 7 | 5 / 6 | 3 / 4 | | Santiago | 6 / 7 (8 from April to early September) | 5 / 6 (7 from April to early September) | 3 / 4 (5 from April to early September) | Two practical consequences. A West Coast team gets the most overlap from Mexico and Costa Rica, six or seven hours, against three or four from the Southern Cone. And Santiago's offset to New York changes four times a year, so book recurring meetings in a named time zone ("America/Santiago", "America/New\_York") rather than a fixed UTC offset, and the calendar will handle every change. ## English: what the EF index does and doesn't tell you The national score hides the number that matters to you. EF also publishes scores by city and by job function, and in all six countries with job-function scores, test takers who work in IT beat the national figure: by 14 points in Argentina, 32 in Colombia and 119 in Mexico. | Country | National score and band | Main tech city | IT job function | | ---------- | ----------------------- | ------------------------------ | --------------- | | Argentina | 575, high | Buenos Aires 594 | 589 | | Uruguay | 542, moderate | Montevideo 544 | Not published | | Chile | 517, moderate | Santiago 578 | 593 | | Costa Rica | 516, moderate | San José 546 | 604 | | Brazil | 482, low | São Paulo 518 | 551 | | Colombia | 480, low | Bogotá 513 | 512 | | Mexico | 440, very low | Monterrey 532, Mexico City 428 | 559 | Sources: EF EPI 2025 fact sheets for [Argentina](https://www.ef.com/assetscdn/WIBIwq6RdJvcD9bc8RMd/cefcom-epi-site/fact-sheets/2025/ef-epi-fact-sheet-argentina-english.pdf), [Uruguay](https://www.ef.com/assetscdn/WIBIwq6RdJvcD9bc8RMd/cefcom-epi-site/fact-sheets/2025/ef-epi-fact-sheet-uruguay-english.pdf), [Chile](https://www.ef.com/assetscdn/WIBIwq6RdJvcD9bc8RMd/cefcom-epi-site/fact-sheets/2025/ef-epi-fact-sheet-chile-english.pdf), [Costa Rica](https://www.ef.com/assetscdn/WIBIwq6RdJvcD9bc8RMd/cefcom-epi-site/fact-sheets/2025/ef-epi-fact-sheet-costa-rica-english.pdf), [Brazil](https://www.ef.com/assetscdn/WIBIwq6RdJvcD9bc8RMd/cefcom-epi-site/fact-sheets/2025/ef-epi-fact-sheet-brazil-english.pdf), [Colombia](https://www.ef.com/assetscdn/WIBIwq6RdJvcD9bc8RMd/cefcom-epi-site/fact-sheets/2025/ef-epi-fact-sheet-colombia-english.pdf) and [Mexico](https://www.ef.com/assetscdn/WIBIwq6RdJvcD9bc8RMd/cefcom-epi-site/fact-sheets/2025/ef-epi-fact-sheet-mexico-english.pdf). The 2025 edition was the latest when we checked. Mexico's IT workers score 119 points above its national figure, enough to move from EF's "very low" band to "high". Costa Rica's IT score of 604 sits in the "very high" band. [EF's bands](https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/about-epi/) run from very low (under 450) to very high (600 and above), and EF maps them to CEFR levels: "moderate" and "high" both correspond to B2. Read these as signals, not measurements. The index is built from people who chose to take EF's free online test, more than 2.2 million adults in 2024, so it describes test takers, not the workforce. A lead developer who runs a review in English with you is worth more than any national score; test that directly, in a live working session and a written recap. ## Developer communities: how big each pool is GitHub's Innovation Graph counts developer accounts by the country they connect from. In the first quarter of 2026, Brazil had 8.3 million, more than the other six countries combined, and Mexico 2.9 million. All seven grew by roughly 30% to 37% on the first quarter of 2025, against 25% for the US. Per person, the ranking flips. Uruguay has 47 accounts per 1,000 people, Costa Rica 45 and Chile 41, against 22 in Mexico; the US has 95. The [Innovation Graph datasheet](https://github.com/github/innovationgraph/blob/main/docs/datasheet.md) lists the caveats: the count includes accounts that may no longer be active, assigns location by IP address (so VPNs distort it) and covers only GitHub. Students and hobbyists count the same as senior engineers. Use it to compare the size of communities, not to count hireable developers. The [Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2025](https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2025/developers) shows how thin survey data gets at country level. Of 49,019 responses, 822 came from Brazil, 284 from Mexico, 222 from Argentina, 202 from Colombia, 131 from Chile, 52 from Uruguay and 25 from Costa Rica. ## Why this guide doesn't quote developer rates We couldn't find a primary dataset that gives comparable rates for web developers across these seven countries. Stack Overflow's [2025 salary results](https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2025/work) break pay out by country only for the US, Germany, India, the UK and France, and the response counts above are too small to fill the gap. Rate cards on agency sites are marketing, not data. Local prices are a poor guide too. Our [website cost estimator](https://dardo.studio/en/tools/website-cost-calculator/) shows what providers publish for local clients in Colombia, Mexico and Brazil, and a studio that serves US clients prices for different scope, process and risk. The reliable comparison is written proposals for the same brief; our [website brief builder](https://dardo.studio/en/tools/website-rfp-template/) produces one you can send to every finalist. ## Contracts and payments in each country For a US company, paying a studio or freelancer in any of the seven is a foreign vendor payment, usually in US dollars by international transfer or through the vendor's payment platform. Your accounts team collects a Form W-8 ([W-8BEN-E](https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-w-8-ben-e) from a foreign entity, W-8BEN from an individual), and the [IRS](https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/source-of-income-personal-service-income) generally sources service income by where the work is performed. Our Colombia guide walks through the [payment checks](https://dardo.studio/en/blog/hire-design-team-colombia/) in detail; they apply in every country. What changes by country is the vendor's side, and it affects the paperwork they'll ask you for. ### Argentina: currency rules have loosened, but they change often Argentina's central bank (BCRA) has rewritten its foreign-exchange rules several times since April 2025: - [Comunicación "A" 8226](https://web.archive.org/web/20260723142939/https://www.bcra.gob.ar/archivos/Pdfs/comytexord/A8226.pdf), in force from 14 April 2025, let resident individuals buy foreign currency for savings without the BCRA's prior approval. - [Comunicación "A" 8330](https://web.archive.org/web/20260318154935/https://www.bcra.gob.ar/archivos/Pdfs/comytexord/A8330.pdf), of 18 September 2025, removed the USD 36,000 annual cap on the mechanism that exempts individuals from selling their service-export income on the exchange market. - [Comunicación "A" 8417](https://web.archive.org/web/20260901052810/https://www.bcra.gob.ar/archivos/Pdfs/comytexord/A8417.pdf), of 9 April 2026, extended that exemption to every type of service exported by individuals. In practice, an Argentine freelancer you pay in dollars can generally keep them in dollars, under the conditions in the BCRA's rules. These exemptions are written for individuals ("personas humanas"); an Argentine company that invoices you works under different rules, so ask how it receives and converts payments and whether that affects its timing. The BCRA's site was returning errors when we checked, so the links above go to archived copies; confirm the current text before relying on it. ### Colombia: export of services is VAT-exempt, with paperwork Under [article 481 of the Estatuto Tributario](http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/estatuto%5Ftributario%5Fpr019.html), services provided in Colombia and used exclusively abroad by companies with no business in Colombia are exempt from VAT, and the exporter must keep documents that prove the operation. That's why a Colombian vendor will ask for a signed contract or purchase order naming your US company. ### Brazil: exported services stay outside ISS and the new IBS and CBS Brazil's municipal service tax doesn't apply to exports of services under [article 2 of Lei Complementar 116/2003](https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil%5F03/leis/lcp/lcp116.htm), unless the result of the service happens in Brazil. The 2025 tax reform, [Lei Complementar 214/2025](https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil%5F03/leis/lcp/lcp214.htm), makes exports of services immune from the new IBS and CBS taxes (article 79) and defines an exported service as one supplied to a resident abroad and consumed abroad (article 80). Expect a Brazilian vendor to ask you to confirm where the work is used. This is a high-level summary for a buyer, not tax advice; the vendor's accountant handles their side, and yours should confirm withholding and reporting for your company. ## Public holidays: plan for two calendars Holidays cost more schedule than time zones do. These are the holidays set by national law in five of the countries; Costa Rica, Chile and Uruguay publish their own official lists, so ask finalists there for the year's calendar. | Country | Holidays set by national law | What to plan around | | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | | United States | 11 federal holidays ([OPM](https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/federal-holidays/)) | Thanksgiving week and late December on your side | | Colombia | 18 paid holidays, 10 of them moved to the following Monday ([Ley 51 de 1983](https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/sites/default/files/Normograma/docs/ley%5F0051%5F1983.htm)) | Frequent three-day weekends; Holy Thursday and Good Friday | | Mexico | 7 mandatory rest days, plus 1 October every six years and election days ([Ley Federal del Trabajo, article 74](https://web.archive.org/web/20261012170742/https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LFT.pdf)) | Three of them fall on fixed Mondays: February, March and November | | Argentina | 16 national holidays, including Carnival Monday and Tuesday, plus Holy Thursday as a non-working day and up to three tourism days set each year ([Ley 27.399](https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/ley-27399-281835/texto)) | Carnival week; four holidays that move to Mondays | | Brazil | 9 federal holidays ([Lei 662/1949](https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil%5F03/leis/l0662.htm), [Lei 6.802/1980](https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil%5F03/leis/l6802.htm), [Lei 14.759/2023](https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil%5F03/%5Fato2023-2026/2023/lei/L14759.htm)), plus up to four religious holidays, Good Friday among them, set by each city ([Lei 9.093/1995](https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil%5F03/leis/l9093.htm)) | City holidays differ, so check the vendor's city; Carnival week | Mexico's labor law doesn't list Holy Thursday or Good Friday, and Brazil's federal law doesn't list Carnival, so whether a team works those days is the company's decision. Ask for the team's actual calendar, not the legal minimum, and put both countries' holidays in the project schedule from day one. ## IP: the US rule and the local default On the US side, a commissioned website is rarely a "work made for hire". The Copyright Office's [Circular 30](https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ30.pdf) limits commissioned works for hire to nine categories, with a signed written agreement, and a transfer of copyright needs a signed writing under [section 204 of the Copyright Act](https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap2.html). So the contract should assign the copyright, whatever country the team is in. The local default matters because the work is created under local law, and it differs: - **Brazil** leans toward the client for code. [Article 4 of Lei 9.609/1998](https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil%5F03/leis/l9609.htm), the software law, gives the rights in a program developed under a services contract made for that purpose to the contracting party, unless the contract says otherwise. It covers software, not the visual design, so the contract still needs an assignment for design files. - **Colombia** leans toward the creator: the economic rights pass only for the uses, term and territory the contract names. Our [Colombia hiring guide](https://dardo.studio/en/blog/hire-design-team-colombia/) explains the clauses that fix it. - **Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay** each have their own copyright statute and rules on authors' moral rights. Have counsel who knows the vendor's country review the assignment. Whatever the country, the clause should name the uses (reproduce, modify, publish, sublicense), say worldwide and for the full term of protection, cover everyone who works on the project, subcontractors included, and list what stays licensed, such as fonts and open-source libraries. This is general information, not legal advice. ## How to evaluate a nearshore partner These checks are specific to working across a border; our guide to [comparing design studios](https://dardo.studio/en/blog/compare-design-studios/) covers portfolio, process and scoring for any provider. | Check | How to test it | Red flag | | -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------- | | Real overlap | Ask for their working hours in your time zone, then book a call at the edge of that window | "We're flexible" with no hours written down | | The people's English | A live working session with the lead, then a written recap the next day | The senior person on the sales call isn't on the project | | The legal entity | Where it's incorporated, who signs, which entity invoices and receives payment | Contract, invoice and bank account in different names | | Payment route and currency | Invoice currency, method, who pays transfer fees, payment stages | All upfront, or bank details that change by email | | Holidays | The proposal's schedule shows both countries' holidays | No mention of holidays in a multi-month plan | | IP under local law | An assignment that names uses, territory and term, covering subcontractors | A license instead of an assignment | | Accounts | Domain, hosting, repository and CMS in your name, with the vendor invited | The vendor wants to hold them | | References | A past US client with a similar project you can call | Only logos, no contactable references | For larger projects, pay for a short pilot, such as one page template, before committing the whole budget. ## Which country fits which project | If you need | Look first at | Why | | ------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Daily collaboration with a West Coast team | Mexico, Costa Rica | Six to seven shared hours with Los Angeles all year | | Daily collaboration with an East Coast or Central team | Any of the seven | Six to eight shared hours with New York; Colombia matches New York in winter | | The widest choice of providers in one stack | Brazil, Mexico | The two largest developer communities by GitHub count | | A site in Latin American Spanish | Colombia, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Uruguay | Native speakers who can also write and review the copy | | A site in Brazilian Portuguese | Brazil | Native writers and reviewers | | Client-facing staff in English | Shortlist on EF city and IT scores, then test the people | National averages hide wide gaps | If you're an agency looking for build capacity under your own brand rather than a vendor for your own site, our guide to [white-label web development](https://dardo.studio/en/blog/white-label-web-development-guide/) covers models, prices and contracts. ## What to do next Shortlist two or three countries on overlap with your team's hours, send the same written brief to finalists in each and compare the proposals line by line. Dardo is one option in Colombia: a team of three in Bogotá that takes on scoped [web design](https://dardo.studio/en/services/web-design/) and [web development](https://dardo.studio/en/services/web-development/) projects, and agencies hire us for [white-label development](https://dardo.studio/en/services/white-label-web-development/); our published starting prices are on the [pricing page](https://dardo.studio/en/pricing/). ## Common questions **Which Latin American country is best for nearshore web development?** None is best for every project. West Coast teams get the most shared hours from Mexico and Costa Rica, East Coast and Central teams overlap well with all seven, Brazil and Mexico have the largest developer communities, and Argentina has the highest national English score. Shortlist countries on those criteria, then judge the actual team on a live working session, references and a written proposal. **Which Latin American countries share a time zone with the US?** Bogotá matches New York from November to March and Chicago from March to November, because Colombia stays on UTC−5 all year. Mexico City and San José, Costa Rica, match Chicago during US standard time. Santiago, Chile, matches New York from April to early September. **Does Mexico still change its clocks for daylight saving time?** Not in most of the country. Mexico's time zone law ended seasonal changes on 30 October 2022, so Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey stay on UTC−6 all year. Municipalities along the northern border, such as Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, still change clocks with the US, Quintana Roo stays on UTC−5 and Sonora on UTC−7. **Which Latin American country has the best English?** In the EF English Proficiency Index 2025, Argentina scores 575 and ranks 26th of 123, in the high band, followed by Uruguay (542), Chile (517) and Costa Rica (516), all moderate. Brazil (482) and Colombia (480) are low and Mexico (440) very low. Test takers who work in IT score higher in every country with published job-function data, so test the people you would hire rather than relying on the national figure. **How do I pay a web developer in Argentina?** The same way as any foreign vendor: collect a Form W-8, agree the currency and payment stages, and pay by international transfer or the vendor's payment platform. Since September 2025, and for every type of service since April 2026, Argentine individuals who export services can be exempt from selling those dollars on the exchange market, under the central bank's conditions. Companies follow different rules, so ask the vendor how it receives payment, and have your accountant confirm your side; this is not tax advice. **Is a work-made-for-hire clause enough for a website built abroad?** Usually not. Under US law a commissioned work is made for hire only in nine listed categories with a signed written agreement, and a website rarely fits, so the contract should also assign the copyright in writing. Local law matters too: Brazil's software law gives code developed under a services contract to the client unless agreed otherwise, while Colombia's copyright law transfers only the uses, term and territory the contract names. ## Sources & further reading Sources behind this page, with further detail from the original publishers. - [EF Education First: EF English Proficiency Index 2025](https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/) · ef.com - [EF Education First: About the EF EPI, methodology and proficiency bands](https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/about-epi/) · ef.com - [EF Education First: EF EPI 2025 fact sheet, Mexico](https://www.ef.com/assetscdn/WIBIwq6RdJvcD9bc8RMd/cefcom-epi-site/fact-sheets/2025/ef-epi-fact-sheet-mexico-english.pdf) · ef.com - [GitHub: Innovation Graph data repository (developers by economy)](https://github.com/github/innovationgraph) · github.com - [GitHub: Innovation Graph datasheet](https://github.com/github/innovationgraph/blob/main/docs/datasheet.md) · github.com - [World Bank: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL)](https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL) · data.worldbank.org - [Stack Overflow: 2025 Developer Survey, developer profile by country](https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2025/developers) · survey.stackoverflow.co - [NIST: Daylight saving time rules and 2026 dates](https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/popular-links/daylight-saving-time-dst) · nist.gov - [IANA time zone database: South America zone file](https://github.com/eggert/tz/blob/main/southamerica) · github.com - [Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación: DOF summary, Ley de los Husos Horarios (28 October 2022)](https://www.scjn.gob.mx/sites/default/files/sintesis%5Fdof%5Fgocdmx/documento/2022-11/DOF%2028102022%20S%C3%8DNTESIS%20VESPERTINA.pdf) · scjn.gob.mx - [Presidência da República: Decreto 9.772 de 2019, end of daylight saving time](https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil%5F03/%5Fato2019-2022/2019/decreto/D9772.htm) · planalto.gov.br - [Banco Central de la República Argentina: Comunicación A 8330 (archived copy)](https://web.archive.org/web/20260318154935/https://www.bcra.gob.ar/archivos/Pdfs/comytexord/A8330.pdf) · web.archive.org - [Banco Central de la República Argentina: Comunicación A 8417 (archived copy)](https://web.archive.org/web/20260901052810/https://www.bcra.gob.ar/archivos/Pdfs/comytexord/A8417.pdf) · web.archive.org - [Secretaría del Senado de Colombia: Estatuto Tributario, article 481](http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/estatuto%5Ftributario%5Fpr019.html) · secretariasenado.gov.co - [Presidência da República: Lei Complementar 214/2025 (IBS and CBS)](https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil%5F03/leis/lcp/lcp214.htm) · planalto.gov.br - [Cámara de Diputados: Ley Federal del Trabajo, article 74 (archived copy)](https://web.archive.org/web/20261012170742/https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LFT.pdf) · web.archive.org - [Argentina.gob.ar: Ley 27.399, feriados nacionales](https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/ley-27399-281835/texto) · argentina.gob.ar - [Presidência da República: Lei 662/1949, feriados nacionais](https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil%5F03/leis/l0662.htm) · planalto.gov.br - [US Copyright Office: Circular 30, Works Made for Hire](https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ30.pdf) · copyright.gov - [Presidência da República: Lei 9.609/1998, software law](https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil%5F03/leis/l9609.htm) · planalto.gov.br [Nicolás Cerón](https://dardo.studio/en/nicolas-ceron/) Nicolás Cerón is the founder of Dardo, a brand, web design and development studio in Bogotá, Colombia. ## Related articles - [**How to hire web developers and designers in Colombia: vetting, contracts and payments for US companies**How a US company vets, contracts and pays a web team in Colombia: business checks, IP clauses that hold under both countries' laws, W-8 forms and red flags.](https://dardo.studio/en/blog/hire-design-team-colombia/) - [**White-label web development: how agency partnerships work, what they cost and how to contract**How white-label web development works for agencies: pricing models, published prices from seven providers, who talks to the client and the clauses to insist on.](https://dardo.studio/en/blog/white-label-web-development-guide/) - [**How to compare web design studios before you hire one: criteria, questions and red flags**A fair way to tell the studios on your shortlist apart: what to check on their live client sites, what to ask, and the red flags to watch for.](https://dardo.studio/en/blog/compare-design-studios/) - [**Web design agency vs freelancer: who to hire for your website, and who carries which risk**Freelancer, small studio, large agency or in-house: who carries which risk, which projects fit each, how to vet them and the contract terms to insist on.](https://dardo.studio/en/blog/web-design-freelancer-vs-agency/) ## Keep exploring. - [Service · **White-label web design and development for agencies**](https://dardo.studio/en/services/white-label-web-development/) - [Your project · **Start a conversation**](https://dardo.studio/en/contact/)